1 00:00:04,830 --> 00:00:07,710 Hello I am Bert Enserink: your teacher for this subject. 2 00:00:07,710 --> 00:00:14,559 So, in this step on interdependence we make an inventory of the resources of the actors 3 00:00:14,559 --> 00:00:19,700 that may in one way or another help to solve the issue or may be a stumbling block to get 4 00:00:19,700 --> 00:00:21,900 things done. 5 00:00:21,900 --> 00:00:25,950 Typical examples of categories of resources are: 6 00:00:25,950 --> 00:00:28,270 - information - knowledge (and skills) 7 00:00:28,270 --> 00:00:29,430 - manpower - money 8 00:00:29,430 --> 00:00:34,590 - authority / formal power - position in the network: access to other 9 00:00:34,590 --> 00:00:37,660 actors - legitimacy (and moral authority) 10 00:00:37,660 --> 00:00:42,519 - organization (ability to mobilize and use resources effectively and efficiently) 11 00:00:42,519 --> 00:00:45,629 - and many others, which you can think of yourself. 12 00:00:45,629 --> 00:00:49,290 When you think back to the examples of the Brent Spar and the dispersed pollution policy 13 00:00:49,290 --> 00:00:54,659 making you will realize that indeed some of these resources were used by actors to change 14 00:00:54,659 --> 00:00:59,290 the situation by either enabling or blocking policy implementation. 15 00:00:59,290 --> 00:01:05,470 When you know what the resources of the actors are you can rank them according to their importance 16 00:01:05,470 --> 00:01:10,830 for problem solving and the extent to reach the resources or if means of one actor can 17 00:01:10,830 --> 00:01:14,360 be replaced by those of another actor. 18 00:01:14,360 --> 00:01:16,280 Take a look at this grid. 19 00:01:16,280 --> 00:01:20,300 You will see that import means that are owned by one actor only, 20 00:01:20,300 --> 00:01:24,690 for instance the permit to build your wind park at a specific location 21 00:01:24,690 --> 00:01:29,560 which is owned by the ministry of infrastructure and environment results in a high dependency 22 00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:33,640 on this ministry while, for constructing the piles, 23 00:01:33,640 --> 00:01:39,100 although of great importance too, you can turn to many competing offshore construction companies. 24 00:01:39,720 --> 00:01:44,960 Filling out this table shows who you are really depended on for what. 25 00:01:44,960 --> 00:01:51,780 We now move to a new table tied in to find critical actors of those who have critical 26 00:01:51,780 --> 00:01:55,310 resources for problem solving. 27 00:01:55,310 --> 00:02:00,870 To do this analysis in a structured way it is best to fill out this matrix by listing 28 00:02:00,870 --> 00:02:04,020 for each actor what her import resources are. 29 00:02:04,020 --> 00:02:09,720 If this actor and her means can be replaced by other actors or not and how depended you 30 00:02:09,720 --> 00:02:12,620 are on this actor for solving the problem. 31 00:02:12,620 --> 00:02:17,760 If you are very depended on such an actor, it is categorized as a critical actor. 32 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:27,600 If an actor is the only one holding important resources she is categorized critical. 33 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:32,990 Well, let's fill out this table for the wind at sea case. 34 00:02:32,990 --> 00:02:37,620 We have listed the number of actors, typically the ministry of economic affairs, 35 00:02:37,620 --> 00:02:40,540 two directorates of the ministry of infrastructure and environment: 36 00:02:40,540 --> 00:02:45,000 water and space and environment and international, and the wind power industry. 37 00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:48,660 In the second column we list their important resources, 38 00:02:48,660 --> 00:02:51,920 which we learned from our analysis. 39 00:02:51,920 --> 00:02:54,390 For retrieving this information, we went to their websites, 40 00:02:54,390 --> 00:03:00,280 we read through policy documents and reports and distilled these means and also determined 41 00:03:00,280 --> 00:03:02,260 their importance. 42 00:03:02,260 --> 00:03:06,980 In the next three columns we asses whether these means are unique or may be replaced 43 00:03:06,980 --> 00:03:08,440 by other means. 44 00:03:08,440 --> 00:03:11,870 And in the final row, for instance you can see that one windmill 45 00:03:11,870 --> 00:03:15,330 producer can be replaced by any other one. 46 00:03:15,330 --> 00:03:18,420 In the third row, we learned that international climate policy 47 00:03:18,420 --> 00:03:22,230 is not critical for wind parks at sea. 48 00:03:22,230 --> 00:03:27,209 Now we know who the critical actors are we have to determine who have a real interest 49 00:03:27,209 --> 00:03:32,319 in solving the issue; in other words who are the dedicated actors who want to invest in 50 00:03:32,319 --> 00:03:37,319 the new policy and are prepared to put in their means and who are the non-dedicated 51 00:03:37,319 --> 00:03:41,050 ones, who have little or no interest in the issue. 52 00:03:41,050 --> 00:03:47,400 And we want to assess whether they will support us or are opposed to the plans of our problem owner. 53 00:03:47,660 --> 00:03:52,010 So we look at their perception of the policy issue: do they consider the problem and its 54 00:03:52,010 --> 00:03:58,629 potential solution in the same way as we do, or do they hold completely opposing views? 55 00:03:58,629 --> 00:04:04,650 Knowing about their dedication and perception allows us to distinguish friends and foes 56 00:04:04,650 --> 00:04:10,640 and to assess our chances for success and helps us to design an analysis and decision 57 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:16,599 making process in such a way that makes our chances for success as big as possible. 58 00:04:16,599 --> 00:04:21,689 We now return to our Wind at Sea case and we ask: 59 00:04:21,689 --> 00:04:25,460 What does the problem owner want? Well she wants more windmills at sea. 60 00:04:25,460 --> 00:04:30,889 We can then ask ourselves the question: Do other actors want that too? 61 00:04:30,889 --> 00:04:35,870 How important is this objective for the other actors? 62 00:04:35,870 --> 00:04:41,639 Per now, we know who are the critical actors and we ask ourselves: who are the dedicated 63 00:04:41,639 --> 00:04:46,180 ones and who are the ones holding the same or conflicting views? We can summarize and 64 00:04:46,180 --> 00:04:52,419 organize these findings in one final matrix which is shown in this slide. 65 00:04:52,419 --> 00:04:55,599 You should take some time to study this matrix. 66 00:04:55,599 --> 00:04:59,789 You see the main distinction in the columns between dedicated and non-dedicated actors 67 00:04:59,789 --> 00:05:04,809 while in the rows we distinguish actors holding the same interest and objectives and those 68 00:05:04,809 --> 00:05:07,050 with conflicting interest. 69 00:05:07,050 --> 00:05:12,360 The columns are subdivided in critical and non-critical. 70 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:17,680 This leads to eight categories of actors with strong allies and strong opponents in the 71 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:20,509 red column, as they hold critical means, 72 00:05:20,509 --> 00:05:26,119 and the indispensable allies and potential blockers are in the green column. 73 00:05:26,119 --> 00:05:30,909 They are the ones who show little interest but at the same time own important means that 74 00:05:30,909 --> 00:05:33,860 may lead to either success or failure of your policy. 75 00:05:33,860 --> 00:05:38,110 Then there are two columns of non-critical actors, 76 00:05:38,110 --> 00:05:42,559 they are for now of less important players in the game. 77 00:05:42,559 --> 00:05:46,939 Look at the bottom row and you see the qualification of the character of these actors. 78 00:05:46,939 --> 00:05:49,749 They can be biting dogs, barking dogs, 79 00:05:49,749 --> 00:05:54,009 sleeping dogs or stray dogs. 80 00:05:54,009 --> 00:05:56,969 Now remember the Brand Spar. 81 00:05:56,969 --> 00:06:01,529 One could say that Greenpeace moved from the category of barking dogs to the category of 82 00:06:01,529 --> 00:06:02,830 biting dogs. 83 00:06:02,830 --> 00:06:07,999 And by barking loud it woke up the sleeping dogs: the consumers in Germany and even activated 84 00:06:07,999 --> 00:06:12,619 some stray dogs like the ministry in Germany and the Netherlands who were criticizing the 85 00:06:12,619 --> 00:06:14,580 Scottish government. 86 00:06:14,580 --> 00:06:20,419 So this can be a very dynamic situation. 87 00:06:20,419 --> 00:06:25,069 Parties can move from one place to another in the matrix. 88 00:06:25,069 --> 00:06:29,599 Let's rest the old spar case and fill out this matrix for the wind at sea case. 89 00:06:29,599 --> 00:06:34,569 Our critical and dedicated actors are the Ministry of Infra and Environment especially 90 00:06:34,569 --> 00:06:38,119 the directorate on Water and Space and of course TenneT, 91 00:06:38,119 --> 00:06:41,550 the network administrator and the Energy companies. 92 00:06:41,550 --> 00:06:44,869 These are all dedicated supporters of windfarms at sea. 93 00:06:44,869 --> 00:06:50,589 They are opposed by the harbor authorities and the shipping sector representatives as 94 00:06:50,589 --> 00:06:53,740 these parties want to have free access to the North Sea. 95 00:06:53,740 --> 00:07:00,009 Other dedicated actors but having little means show up in the next column. 96 00:07:00,009 --> 00:07:05,149 Now we turn to the non-dedicated actors; they typically hold different interest and 97 00:07:05,149 --> 00:07:09,039 have other things on their mind and hold other priorities. 98 00:07:09,039 --> 00:07:11,649 Here we see the banks and private investors. 99 00:07:11,649 --> 00:07:16,159 Luckily for our problem owner they are potential allies if only the business proposition is 100 00:07:16,159 --> 00:07:17,379 attractive to them. 101 00:07:17,379 --> 00:07:22,409 In the last column we find the non-dedicated, non-critical actors. 102 00:07:22,409 --> 00:07:27,900 They may become important at a later stage, but for now we won't pay much attention to them. 103 00:07:28,210 --> 00:07:30,710 We now have concluded our analysis. 104 00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:32,889 This does not mean we are finished. 105 00:07:32,889 --> 00:07:35,830 In fact, we now come to the most important step: 106 00:07:35,830 --> 00:07:39,610 Determining the consequences of our newly acquired insights. 107 00:07:39,610 --> 00:07:42,499 Determining these consequences is the subject of our next clip.