1
00:00:08,180 --> 00:00:10,560
Hello,
my name is Zofia Lukszo;

2
00:00:10,730 --> 00:00:16,560
I have been working at the Delft University
of Technology in the area of smart grids.

3
00:00:16,560 --> 00:00:19,930
In this web lecture I will talk about these
smart grids.

4
00:00:19,930 --> 00:00:22,619
What are smart grids actually?

5
00:00:22,619 --> 00:00:24,650
What are the characteristics?

6
00:00:24,650 --> 00:00:26,650
What are the challenges?

7
00:00:26,650 --> 00:00:30,450
And what is its socio-technical complexity.

8
00:00:30,450 --> 00:00:36,650
Smart Grids will play an important role in
future energy systems.

9
00:00:36,980 --> 00:00:42,660
Many government institutions around the world
have been encouraging the use of smart grids

10
00:00:42,660 --> 00:00:49,660
for their potential to control and deal with
global warming and energy independence scenarios.

11
00:00:50,130 --> 00:00:53,010
Renewables,
requiring smart grids,

12
00:00:53,010 --> 00:00:59,230
are envisaged to become the prevailing energy
source to contribute achieving energy policy

13
00:00:59,230 --> 00:01:00,610
goals as:

14
00:01:00,610 --> 00:01:07,700
Sustainable Development including decarbonization,
Security of Supply including Import independency

15
00:01:07,700 --> 00:01:12,009
and fuel diversity,
and of course Affordability.

16
00:01:12,620 --> 00:01:16,940
Moreover,
in the old conventional situation the power

17
00:01:16,950 --> 00:01:23,149
generation was scheduled to follow demand,
and in the new situation the demand should

18
00:01:23,149 --> 00:01:29,469
be scheduled to follow generation which has
variable and uncertain character.

19
00:01:29,469 --> 00:01:37,659
Smart Grid is an intended option world wide
to give an answer to the expected electricity

20
00:01:37,659 --> 00:01:40,099
consumption growth.

21
00:01:41,040 --> 00:01:47,280
Smart Grid is a hot topic for scientists,
business, government and media.

22
00:01:47,800 --> 00:01:54,039
It is a much discussed
subject since smart grids are viewed as enablers

23
00:01:54,039 --> 00:02:03,599
of integrating in a sustainable and efficient
way many unconventional distributed energy resources.

24
00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:06,219
The questions remains:

25
00:02:06,219 --> 00:02:11,190
How to design,
manage and operate qualitatively new complex

26
00:02:11,190 --> 00:02:15,110
socio-technical system of smart grids?

27
00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:22,310
In a majority of countries demonstration pilot
smart grids projects are being deployed to

28
00:02:22,310 --> 00:02:28,000
formulate lessons learnt and to perform cost-benefit
analysis.

29
00:02:28,580 --> 00:02:31,760
Yes,
smart grid is a hot topic.

30
00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:37,630
If you look with Google image search at “Smart
Grids” in a few milliseconds you will get

31
00:02:37,630 --> 00:02:40,610
millions of different images.

32
00:02:40,610 --> 00:02:43,610
What is actually meant by a smart grid?

33
00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:48,240
It is a term without a unique single meaning:

34
00:02:48,860 --> 00:02:55,240
“A smart grid is neither a clearly defined
single concept nor a single technology.

35
00:02:55,760 --> 00:03:00,880
Rather it is like a basket containing various
combinations of balls,

36
00:03:00,890 --> 00:03:03,110
depending upon the user.” 

37
00:03:03,640 --> 00:03:09,640
EC defined a smart
grid as an electricity network that can cost

38
00:03:09,640 --> 00:03:17,320
efficiently integrate the behavior and actions
of all users connected to it – generators,

39
00:03:17,320 --> 00:03:24,300
consumers and those that do both – in order
to ensure economically efficient,

40
00:03:24,300 --> 00:03:31,700
sustainable power system with low losses and
high levels of quality and security of supply

41
00:03:31,710 --> 00:03:33,510
and safety.

42
00:03:33,510 --> 00:03:35,170
In other words:

43
00:03:35,170 --> 00:03:42,750
smart grid is an electricity network based
on digital technology that is used to supply

44
00:03:42,750 --> 00:03:47,550
electricity to consumers via two-way digital
communication.

45
00:03:47,780 --> 00:03:51,320
This system allows for monitoring,
analysis,

46
00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:57,120
control and communication within the supply
chain to help improve efficiency,

47
00:03:57,120 --> 00:04:02,540
reduce energy consumption and cost,
and maximize the transparency and reliability

48
00:04:02,550 --> 00:04:05,180
of the energy supply chain.

49
00:04:05,980 --> 00:04:12,760
The smart grid aims at integrating the behaviour
and actions of all users connected to it.

50
00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:17,940
Smart grid actors are categorised as follows:

51
00:04:17,940 --> 00:04:19,879
Network operators:

52
00:04:19,879 --> 00:04:24,019
transmission and distribution system/network
operators (DSOs/DNOs).

53
00:04:24,020 --> 00:04:25,880
Grid users:

54
00:04:25,880 --> 00:04:30,139
generators,
consumers (including mobile consumers),

55
00:04:30,139 --> 00:04:31,520
storage owners.

56
00:04:32,100 --> 00:04:33,720
And other actors:

57
00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:36,840
suppliers,
metering operators,

58
00:04:37,160 --> 00:04:40,540
ESCOs (Energy Service Companies),
aggregators,

59
00:04:40,550 --> 00:04:47,120
applications and services providers,
power exchange platform operators.

60
00:04:47,980 --> 00:04:51,980
Again,
you can see that a power sector,

61
00:04:51,990 --> 00:04:57,039
including smart grids,
is not only represented by technical components

62
00:04:57,039 --> 00:04:59,299
including production,
transport,

63
00:04:59,300 --> 00:05:04,819
distribution and consumption,
but also the market level and different actors

64
00:05:04,819 --> 00:05:11,039
owning and using technology as well as defining
regulatory context.

65
00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:16,900
To sum up,
Smart Grids are seen as an important and effective

66
00:05:16,900 --> 00:05:23,389
way to transform the traditional energy grids
for the purpose of the future energy systems

67
00:05:23,389 --> 00:05:28,769
with a large number of small scale decentralized
producers.

68
00:05:29,320 --> 00:05:36,180
Smart grids – with decentralized storage
and supply- will also be the most likely paradigm

69
00:05:36,180 --> 00:05:39,300
for future energy sytems.

70
00:05:39,719 --> 00:05:43,729
It will have a Significant penetration of
IT.

71
00:05:43,729 --> 00:05:51,999
The use of ICT hardware/software and communication-infrastructure will allow for (near) real-time monitoring

72
00:05:51,999 --> 00:05:58,580
and steering opportunities of network components
such that the transportation and distribution

73
00:05:58,580 --> 00:06:06,240
capacity of the grid can be increased in a
more flexible manner and against lower costs,

74
00:06:06,249 --> 00:06:12,069
compared to investments in more distribution
and transmission capacity only.

75
00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:19,300
Smart grids will also require an additional
IT layer for demand side management,

76
00:06:19,309 --> 00:06:21,520
balancing and billing.

77
00:06:22,740 --> 00:06:28,080
A modern smart grid system has the following
capabilities:

78
00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:30,960
It can repair itself.

79
00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:36,659
It encourages consumer participation in grid
operations.

80
00:06:36,659 --> 00:06:43,659
It ensures a consistent and premium-quality
power supply that resists power leakages.

81
00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:48,699
It allows the electricity markets to grow
and make business.

82
00:06:48,699 --> 00:06:54,550
It can be operated more efficiently and secure.

83
00:06:54,550 --> 00:06:58,059
The key challenges for smart grids are:

84
00:06:58,059 --> 00:07:05,699
Integration of intermittent generation,
Decentralized architecture to enable small-scale

85
00:07:05,699 --> 00:07:11,499
distributed power generation,
Enhanced intelligence of supply,

86
00:07:11,499 --> 00:07:14,969
demand,
storage and the transmission and distribution

87
00:07:14,969 --> 00:07:19,580
networks,
Information and Communication infrastructure

88
00:07:19,580 --> 00:07:24,639
for many new parties to operate and trade
on the market,

89
00:07:24,639 --> 00:07:30,849
Implementation of Smart Metering Systems,
Active demand side,

90
00:07:30,849 --> 00:07:34,249
Preparing for electric mobility.

91
00:07:36,220 --> 00:07:38,240
Thank you for your attention.

92
00:07:38,620 --> 00:07:43,780
In the next weblecture we will talk more about
demand side management